Introduction: What is Cataract?
The natural lens in our eyes helps us see clearly by focusing light on the retina. Normally, this lens is clear and flexible, but over time or due to various factors, it loses its clarity. The clouding, dulling, or premature hardening of the lens is called cataract. Although it usually occurs as an age-related process, cataract is a health problem that can be seen in all age groups.
When a cataract forms, a person may feel like they are looking through a foggy glass or a veil. This condition can make daily activities, driving, reading, and even recognizing people's facial expressions difficult. The decrease in vision quality is a factor that directly affects the quality of life.
What are the Symptoms of Cataract?
Cataract is a disease that progresses insidiously and does not cause any pain in the initial stage. However, as time passes, the symptoms become more pronounced. The most common symptoms of cataract are:
- Blurred and Cloudy Vision: This is the most basic symptom. Vision clarity decreases, and it feels like there is a constant layer of fog in front of the eyes.
- Sensitivity to Light (Glare): Bright lights such as sunlight or car headlights can become annoying. One may start seeing halos around lights.
- Night Vision Problems: The ability to see in low-light environments decreases significantly. Driving at night can become particularly risky for people with cataracts.
- Fading of Colors: Colors do not appear as vibrant as they used to; everything seems more yellowish or faded.
- Double Vision: Seeing objects as double or shadowy when looking with one eye is an indicator of cataract.
- Frequent Changes in Glasses Prescription: The need for frequent changes in glasses numbers can be a sign of cataract development.
- Temporary Improvement in Near Vision: Interestingly, some patients may notice an improvement in their near vision without glasses during a certain stage of cataract. However, this is temporary and indicates the progression of cataract.
What Causes Cataract?
The most significant cause of cataract is age. Most people over the age of 60 experience changes in lens clarity. However, there are other factors that can accelerate the formation of cataract or cause it to occur at a younger age:
- Genetic predisposition and family history.
- Diabetes.
- Eye injuries and blows.
- Long-term use of corticosteroid medications.
- Eye inflammations (Uveitis).
- Prolonged exposure to sunlight (UV rays) without protection.
- Smoking and alcohol consumption.
- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure).
Cataract Treatment Methods and FAKO Technique
Cataract cannot be treated with medication or glasses. The only effective and definitive treatment method is surgery. Today, cataract surgeries are comfortable and yield successful results, thanks to modern technology. The most commonly used method is the FAKO (Phacoemulsification) technique.
In FAKO surgery, a milimetric incision is made in the eye. The cloudy natural lens is broken up and absorbed using ultrasonic energy (sound waves). Then, a high-quality, lifetime artificial lens suitable for the patient's vision needs is placed in the cleaned area. This procedure usually does not require stitches, and the patient can be discharged on the same day.
Post-Operative Recovery Process
The post-operative process is generally quick. Most patients can return to their daily routines the day after surgery. However, complete healing and clear vision may take a few weeks. During this period, the regular use of eye drops prescribed by the doctor, not rubbing the eyes, and avoiding heavy physical activities are crucial. With modern lens technology, patients who undergo cataract surgery not only get rid of their cataracts but can also correct other vision problems such as far-sightedness, near-sightedness, or astigmatism.
Conclusion
Cataract, although it seems like a natural part of aging, is a condition that can be successfully treated today, restoring the patient's visual freedom. If you experience blurred vision, light sensitivity, or color fading, you should not neglect your regular eye exams. Early diagnosis and timely intervention help maintain your vision quality at the highest level.